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sexual reproduction

Term Information

Accession
GO:0019953
Name
sexual reproduction
Ontology
biological_process
Synonyms
None
Alternate IDs
None
Definition
A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. Source: ISBN:0387520546, GOC:krc, GOC:tb, Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction, GOC:jl, GOC:kmv
Comment
Sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times.
History
See term history for GO:0019953 at QuickGO
Subset
None
Feedback
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Parents of sexual reproduction (GO:0019953)
subject[Reorder by subject] relation[Reorder by relation] object[Reorder by object]
sexual reproduction [is_a relation] is_a  reproduction (GO:0000003)
sexual reproduction [is_a relation] is_a  multi-organism reproductive process (GO:0044703)
Children of sexual reproduction (GO:0019953)
subject[Reorder by subject] relation[Reorder by relation] object[Reorder by object]
sexual sporulation (GO:0034293) [BFO:0000050 relation] BFO:0000050  sexual reproduction
conjugation with cellular fusion (GO:0000747) [is_a relation] is_a  sexual reproduction
fertilization (GO:0009566) [BFO:0000050 relation] BFO:0000050  sexual reproduction
sexual macrocyst formation (GO:0140084) [is_a relation] is_a  sexual reproduction
mating (GO:0007618) [BFO:0000050 relation] BFO:0000050  sexual reproduction
gamete generation (GO:0007276) [BFO:0000050 relation] BFO:0000050  sexual reproduction
sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction (GO:0000909) [BFO:0000050 relation] BFO:0000050  sexual reproduction